Bone china

Is a type of porcelain that is composed of bone ash, feldspathic material and kaolin. It has been defined as 'ware with a translucent body containing a minimum of 30% of phosphate derived from animal bone and calculated calcium phosphate. Developed by English potter Josiah Spode, bone china is known for its high levels of whiteness and translucency, and very high mechanical strength and chip resistance.

New Bone china

It also included 5-8% bone ash. So, it’s much cheaper than bone china. But thank for the modern technique, we can make them the same white as bone china. It’s good for the market who like the bone china but don’t like to pay so expensive prices.

Super white Porcelain

Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 °C (2,192 °F) and 1,400 °C (2,552 °F). The toughness, strength, and translucence of porcelain arise mainly from the formation of glass and the mineral mullite within the fired body at these high temperatures.

Porcelain derives its present name from old Italian porcellana (cowrie shell) because of its resemblance to the translucent surface of the shell. Porcelain can informally be referred to as "china" in some English-speaking countries, as China was the birth place of porcelain making. Properties associated with porcelain include low permeability and elasticity; considerable strength, hardness, glassiness, brittleness, whiteness, translucence, and resonance; and a high resistance to chemical attack and thermal shock.

For the purposes of trade, the Combined Nomenclature of the European Communities defines porcelain as being "completely vitrified, hard, impermeable (even before glazing), white or artificially coloured, translucent (except when of considerable thickness) and resonant." However, the term porcelain lacks a universal definition and has "been applied in a very unsystematic fashion to substances of diverse kinds which have only certain surface-qualities in common" (Burton 1906).

Porcelain is used to make table, kitchen, sanitary, and decorative wares; objects of fine art; and tiles. Its high resistance to the passage of electricity makes porcelain an excellent insulator. Dental porcelain is used to make false teeth, caps, crowns and veneers.

Stoneware ( Ceramic )

Stoneware is a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic ware of fine texture made primarily from non-refractory fire clay

Due to its high strength and durability stoneware has a wide range of uses, including: hotelware, kitchenware, cookware, garden products, electrical, chemical and laboratory ware. Formulations vary considerably, although the vast majority will conform to: plastic fire clays 0–100% , ball clays 0–15%, quartz, 0–30% feldspar and chamotte 0 –15%.

Stoneware is generally once fired. Maximum firing temperatures can vary significantly, from 1100 °C to 1300 °C depending on the flux content.More typically temperatures will be between 1180°C to 1280°C, the higher end of which equate to Bullers Rings 38 to 40 & Seger cones 4 to 8. To produce a better quality fired glaze finish twice firing can be used, and this can be especially important for formulations composed of highly carbonaceous clays. For these, biscuit firing is around 900 °C and glost firing 1180–1280 °C. Water absorption of stoneware products is less than 1%.